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1.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 17(2): 107-114, mayo-ago. 2020. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195098

RESUMO

La mucopolisacaridosis tipo IV (MPS-IV) también conocida como enfermedad de Morquio en recuerdo del pediatra uruguayo Luis Morquio que la describió por primera vez, es una enfermedad congénita causada por la deficiencia de la enzima N-acetilgalactosamina 6 sulfatasa o de la enzima B-Galactosidasa. Estas anomalías enzimáticas tienen como consecuencia que se acumulen en diferentes tejidos del organismo cantidades elevadas de mucopolisacaridos. En la bibliografía se describe con detalle los defectos del esmalte que presentan los pacientes diagnosticados del síndrome de Morquio. Estos defectos son una característica aparentemente constante en la enfermedad y, por lo tanto, hace necesaria las visitas al odontólogo para su control evitándose problemas mayores. Dichos defectos consisten en un esmalte anormalmente delgado, que es áspero debido a los numerosos hoyos diminutos y a una superficie irregular. La delgadez del esmalte da como resultado una forma alterada y decoloración de los dientes que, añadido a los diastemas interdentales, provocan alteraciones en la oclusión. Aparte de estos defectos, el esmalte es histológicamente normal y tiene una du-reza y radiodensidad normales. El trata-miento odontológico de los pacientes con MPS-IV requiere colaboración multidisciplinar, debido a que las manifestaciones orales de la enfermedad pueden aparecer a cualquier edad, resultando en ocasiones tedioso para el paciente y complicado para el profesional. Especial mención merecen las terapias utilizadas como trata-miento sintomático de la enfermedad, así como el manejo de la vía aérea en el caso de intervenciones bajo anestesia general o sedación para tratar ciertas patologías del territorio bucomaxilodental


Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV (MPS-IV) also known as Morquio’s disease in memory of the Uruguayan pediatrician Luis Morquio who described it for the first time, is a congenital disease caused by the deficiency of the enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine 6 sulfatase or enzyme B -Galactosidase. These enzymatic anomalies result in high amounts of mucopolysaccharides accumulating in different tissues of the organism. The enamel defects presented by patients diagnosed with Morquio syndrome are described in detail in the bibliography. These defects are an apparently constant feature in the disease and, therefore, make visits to the dentist necessary for their control, avoiding major problems. These defects consist of an abnormally thin enamel that is rough due to numerous tiny holes and an irregular surface. The thinness of the enamel results in an altered form and discoloration of the teeth, which added to the interdental diastemas, cause alterations in the occlusion. Apart from these defects, the enamel is histologically normal and has a normal hardness and radiodensity.Dental treatment of patients with MPS-IV requires multidisciplinary collaboration, because the oral manifestations of the disease can appear at any age, being sometimes tedious for the patient and complicated for the professional. Special mention should be made of the therapies used as a symptomatic treatment of the disease, as well as the management of the airway in the case of interventions under general anesthesia or sedation to treat certain pathologies of the bucomaxillodental territory


Assuntos
Humanos , Anormalidades Dentárias/etiologia , Anormalidades Dentárias/patologia , Mucopolissacaridoses/genética , Mucopolissacaridoses/fisiopatologia , Anormalidades Dentárias/terapia , Mucopolissacaridoses/classificação , Mucopolissacaridoses/etiologia , Acuidade Visual , Caixa Torácica/diagnóstico por imagem , Caixa Torácica/fisiopatologia , Esqueleto/anormalidades , Esqueleto/diagnóstico por imagem , Esmalte Dentário/anormalidades
2.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 15(1): 7-14, ene.-abr. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-172854

RESUMO

La arteritis de células gigantes es una vasculitis primaria caracterizada por un infiltrado granulomatoso que obstruye la pared vascular provocando procesos isquémicos. Tiene gran importancia en odontología por su clínica, ya que puede afectar a la cavidad oral cursando con dolor odontogénico, necrosis lingual, necrosis labial, claudicación mandibular, hipoestesia mentoniana, inflamación facial y trismus. El conocimiento básico de las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad permitirá al odontólogo evitar complicaciones como la ceguera o el desarrollo de una crisis suprarrenal que acabe con la vida del paciente


Giant cell arteritis is a primary vasculitis characterized by a granulomatous infiltrate that obstructs the vascular wall causing ischemic processes. It is of great importance in dentistry because of its clinical manifestations, as it can affect the oral cavity producing odontogenic pain, tongue necrosis, lip necrosis, jaw claudication, hypoesthesia of the chin, facial swelling and trismus. Basic knowledge of the clinical manifestations of the disease will allow the dentist to avoid complications such as blindness or the development of an adrenal crisis that could kill the patient


Assuntos
Humanos , Arterite de Células Gigantes/complicações , Diagnóstico Bucal/métodos , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Assistência Odontológica/métodos , Trismo/epidemiologia , Odontalgia/epidemiologia , Doenças Mandibulares/epidemiologia , Hipestesia/epidemiologia
3.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 15(1): 61-67, ene.-abr. 2018. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-172862

RESUMO

La enfermedad de Crohn es una inflamación crónica transmural de etiología desconocida que puede afectar a cualquier parte del tracto digestivo, desde la cavidad oral hasta la región anal, aunque su localización más frecuente es el íleon. El tratamiento odontológico de los pacientes requiere colaboración multidisciplinar, debido a que las manifestaciones orales de la enfermedad pueden aparecer incluso antes de que los signos intestinales. Especial mención merecen las terapias biológicas de última generación así como la corticoterapia empleada y sus repercusiones frente a cicatrización e infecciones del territorio bucal. El propósito del presente artículo es revisar las manifestaciones orales que presentan los pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de Crohn, así como establecer unos protocolos de actuación en la práctica odontológica, mediante el adecuado conocimiento de los diversos tratamientos que estos pacientes necesitan


Crohn's disease (C.D) is a chronic transmural inflammation of unknown etiology that can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the oral cavity to the anus, although its most frequent location is the ileum. The dental treatment of patients with C.D requires multidisciplinary collaboration, because oral manifestations of the disease may appear even before the intestinal signs. Special mention should be made of the biological therapies of last generation as well as the corticotherapy used and their repercussions against healing and infections of the oral territory. The purpose of our article is to review the oral manifestations presented by patients diagnosed with C.D, as well as to establish protocols of action in dental practice, through adequate knowledge of the various treatments that these patients need


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos/métodos , Doenças da Boca/terapia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente
4.
Med. oral patol. oral cir. bucal (Internet) ; 23(1): e92-e97, ene. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-170310

RESUMO

Background: The main clinical application of electromyography is to detect abnormalities in muscle function, to assess muscle activity for purposes of recruitment, and in the biomechanics of movement. Objectives: To analyze electromyography (EMG) findings for masticatory muscles during chewing following surgical extraction of lower third molars, and to determine any correlation between pain, inflammation, trismus, and the EMG data registered. Material and Methods: This prospective study included 31 patients. Surface EMG was used to study masseter and temporalis muscle function before lower third molar extraction and 72 hours and seven days after surgery. Clinical variables, pain, inflammation, and trismus were registered before and after surgery. Results: Studying the area and size of the masticatory muscles, higher values were found for temporalis than masseter muscles, regardless of the surgical side, which points to the greater involvement of the temporalis muscle in mastication. Comparing the side where surgery had been performed with the non-surgical side, a sharp and statistically significant reduction in amplitude and area were noted on the surgical side reflecting major functional affectation. One week after surgery, amplitude and area had almost returned to base-line values, indicating almost complete recovery. While pain decreased progressively after surgery, inflammation peaked at 72 hours, while mouth opening reached a minimum at this time, returning to normality within the week. Conclusions: Surgical extraction of lower third molars produces changes to electromyography activity that are more evident during the first hours after surgery and closely related to the intensity of pain suffered and the patient's inflammatory responses, although they are not related to mouth opening capacity (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Eletromiografia/métodos , Músculo Masseter/diagnóstico por imagem , Trismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Inflamação/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculos da Mastigação/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Mastigação/fisiologia , Mastigação/efeitos da radiação , Radiografia Panorâmica/métodos
5.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 14(2): 99-103, mayo-ago. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165672

RESUMO

La miastenia gravis es el trastorno neuromuscular más frecuente caracterizado por una afectación en la transmisión del impulso nervioso que repercutirá directamente en el tratamiento odontológico del paciente. Tiene gran importancia en odontología por su clínica, ya que afecta a la musculatura facial y masticatoria por lo que se deberá seguir un protocolo de actuación. El odontólogo deberá tener conocimiento de las interacciones y efectos secundarios medicamentosos para poder evitarlos durante el procedimiento, ya que estos pueden dar lugar a una crisis miasténica que acabe con la vida del paciente (AU)


Myasthenia gravis is the most common neuromuscular disorder characterized by an affection in the transmission of the nerve impulse that will directly affect the dental treatment of the patient. It is of great importance in dentistry because of its clinical manifestations, as it affects the facial and masticatory musculature, so a protocol of action should be followed. The dentist must be aware of the interactions and side effects of the medication in order to avoid them during the procedure, as these can lead to a myasthenic crisis that could kill the patient (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Estomatognáticas/terapia , Miastenia Gravis/classificação , Incompatibilidade de Medicamentos , Miastenia Gravis/tratamento farmacológico , Plasmaferese , Inibidores da Colinesterase/uso terapêutico , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico
6.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 14(2): 109-113, mayo-ago. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165674

RESUMO

Los trastornos de coagulación constituyen un gran inconveniente en la práctica odontológica diaria, especialmente en los cada vez más frecuentes tratamientos quirúrgicos implantológicos, por el riesgo de hemorragia. La púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (PTI) o púrpura inmune primaria forma parte del grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades denominadas ‘raras’ y está caracterizada por una disminución temporal o persistente del recuento plaquetario. A un mayor número de sucesos hemorrágicos derivados de la PTI se añade el empleo de fármacos con una gran e importante repercusión odontológica como la ciclosporina, los anticuerpos monoclonales o los corticoides. El objetivo de este trabajo es facilitar al odontólogo las principales características de la enfermedad y las implicaciones farmacológicas relacionadas con su tratamiento a fin de dispensar una atención correcta e individualizada a cada paciente (AU)


Coagulation disorders are a major drawback in daily dental practice, more so in the increasingly frequent implant surgical treatments, because of the risk of bleeding. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or primary immune purpura is part of the heterogeneous group of so-called ‘rare’ diseases and is characterized by a temporary or persistent decrease in platelet counts. A greater number of hemorrhagic events derived from ITP are added the use of drugs with a large and important dental impact, such as cyclosporine, monoclonal antibodies or corticosteroids. The objective of this work is to provide the dentist the main characteristics of the disease and the pharmacological implications related to its treatment in order to provide a correct and individualized care to each patient (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/complicações , Doenças Estomatognáticas/cirurgia , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/complicações , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais
7.
Cient. dent. (Ed. impr.) ; 13(3): 235-239, sept.-dic. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158872

RESUMO

La Hemofilia A y B es un trastorno congénito de la coagulación catalogada como enfermedad rara debido a su baja prevalencia. El déficit de factor VIII y IX, que caracteriza a esta patología, constituye un factor de riesgo de hemorragia en los tratamientos odontológicos, especialmente en los quirúrgicos, que es necesario prevenir y manejar por el odontólogo responsable del paciente. Sin embargo las medidas a adoptar frente a un paciente hemofílico suelen ser desconocidas por la mayoría de profesionales, lo que conlleva una atención odontológica deficiente y por ende un detrimento de la salud oral de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer de forma sintetizada y actualizada las medidas locales y generales a adoptar en el tratamiento odontológico de los pacientes hemofílicos, sin olvidar la imprescindible colaboración con el hematólogo del paciente (AU)


Hemophilia A and B is a congenital coagulation disorder classified as a rare disease due to its low prevalence. The factor VIII and IX deficiency, which characterizes this pathology, is a risk factor for excesive bleeding in dental treatments, especially in surgical procedures, which are necessary to prevent and manage by the dentist. However the measures to be taken in front of a hemophilic patient are usually unknown by most professionals, which implies poor dental care and therefore a detriment to the oral health of these patients. The aim of this paper is to present in a synthesized and updated way, local and general measures to be adopted in the dental treatment of hemophiliac patients, not forgetting the essential collaboration with the patient's hematologist (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hemofilia A/complicações , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/métodos , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Hemofilia B/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Padrões de Prática Odontológica
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